eISSN:2278-5299

International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology

DOI:10.29111/ijlrst   ISRA Impact Factor:3.35

A News Letter Sign UP!
COMPARISON STUDY ON CARBON INTENSITY OF BIOCHAR WITH COAL IN POWER PLANT

Research Paper Open Access

International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology Vol.7 Issue 4, pp 1-5,Year 2018

COMPARISON STUDY ON CARBON INTENSITY OF BIOCHAR WITH COAL IN POWER PLANT

Atiyyah Ameenah Azni , Azni Idris

Correspondence should be addressed to :

Received : 19 June 2018; Accepted : 25 August 2018 ; Published : 31 August 2018

Share
Download 126
View 189
Article No. 10948
Abstract

Major shifts in the global energy scene since 2015 toward a low carbon economy such as adoption of solar and biomass are only adding the power capacity instead of replacing the large scale power of the coal. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) specifically on carbon intensity assessment was performed to evaluate the potential of minimising the carbon emissions related to coal fuel. The assessment was carried out by calculating the carbon intensity (kg of CO2 per kWh of energy consumed) of biochar from literatures and were compared with coal for three boundary conditions, i.e. feedstock production, logistic used to deliver feedstock to power plant and the feedstock’s stationary combustion. The carbon emission of feedstock production for empty fruit bunch (EFB) biochar in pyrolysis plant used was 0.046 kg CO2-equiv. kg−1 EFB yr−1 meanwhile the carbon emission emitted from coal extraction and mining was 0.116 kg methane Million BTU−1 coal yr−1. The carbon emission for logistic was calculated for a scenario of 14,000 metric tons (MT) of dry feedstock (coal) shipped from the departure port, Samarinda port, Kalimantan, Indonesia to the receiver port, Jimah coal power plant, Malaysia, with carbon emissions of 10 g CO2/MT/km distance. The carbon emission generated from feedstock combustion used was taken from a study on bioenergy crop, Miscanthus with carbon intensity of 113 kg CO2/MWh. The CO2 emission of sub-bituminous coal combustion was referred to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default emission factors of 1,676 kg CO2/ton. The LCA on three boundary conditions have suggested that biochar has big impact on environmental benefits when considering coal substitution with biochar as to minimize the lifecycle carbon footprint in which a noteworthy saving of 62.1% of carbon intensity can be achieved when biochar is replaced with coal as solid fuel in power plants.

Key Words   
Biochar, Carbon intensity, Coal, Pyrolysis, Solid fuel
Copyright
References
  1. International Energy Agency, Coal market outlook. World energy outlook report 2014, p.171-200., 2014. Available: https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WEO2014.pdf.
  2. A. Rohde and R. A. Muller, “Air pollution in china: mapping of concentrations and sources”, PLoS ONE, 10(8): e0135749, 2015. Available:http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0135749
  3. Sustainable Energy Malaysia, Transitioning the nation towards sustainable energy malaysia, 1, 2, p.1 & p. 56, 2017.
  4. Pourhashem. (2014) Coal for power and emerging environmental constraints: biochar to the rescue?, On Forbes Web. Available: https://www.forbes.com/sites/thebakersinstitute/2014/12/22/coal-for-power-and-emerging-environmental-constraints-biochar-to-the-rescue/#5ce5b5961d89. Accessed 27 July 2017.
  5. Peters. (2016) Coal mines, power plants still rule. On News Straits Times, November 21, 2016: p. 15.
  6. Sustainable Energy Development Authority Malaysia, Renewable energy (RE). Annual report 2014, pp. 34-44, 2014. Available: https://efit.seda.gov.my/?omaneg=00010100000001010101000100001000000010100001000110&id=2444.
  7. Energy Commission, Primary production by fuel type. Malaysia Energy Statistics Handbook 2015: 16-17. 2015. Available: https://www.scribd.com/document/342402804/MALAYSIA-ENERGY-STATISTICS-HANDBOOK-2015-pdf
  8. A.W.A.K. Ghani, D. S. Gabriel, and B. A. Azil, “Physico-chemical characterizations of sawdust-derived biochar as potential solid fuels”, The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, Vol 18, pp. 724 – 729, 2014.
  9. Clean Coal Centre, Upgrading the efficiency of the world’s coal fleet to reduce CO2 emissions. Cornerstone, 3, 1, pp. 4-9. 2012. Available:https://www.worldcoal.org/sites/default/files/resources_files/Cornerstone_Volume3_Issue1.pdf
  10. A.W.A.K. Ghani, A. B. Alias, R. M. Savory, K. R. Cliffe, “Co-combustion of agricultural residues with coal in a fluidised bed combustor”, Waste Management, Volume 29, Issue 2, pp. 767-773, 2009.
  11. Gao and H. Wu, “Biochar as a fuel: 4. Emission behavior and characteristics of PM1 and PM10 from the combustion of pulverized biochar in a drop-tube furnace”, Energy Fuels, 25, pp. 2702–2710, 2009.
  12. Yang et al., “Thermal properties of biochars derived from waste biomass generated by agricultural and forestry sectors”, Energies, 10, p. 469, 2017.
  13. Huang et al., “Techno-economic analysis of biochar production and energy generation from poultry litter waste”, Energy Procedia, 61, pp. 714-717, 2014.
  14. Feng and H. Wu, “Bioslurry for stationary applications: particulate matter emission during combustion under air and oxyfuel conditions”, Energy Fuels, 31, pp. 7241-7246, 2017.
  15. National Innovation Agency of Malaysia (2013) New wealth creation for Malaysia’s biomass industry. National Biomass Strategy 2020, Version 2.0.Available: http://www.cmtevents.com/MediaLibrary/BStgy2013RptAIM.pdf
  16. Czernik and A. V. Bridgwater, “Overview of applications of biomass fast pyrolysis oil”, Energy & Fuels, 18, pp. 590-598, 2004.
  17. Mohan, C. U. Pittman, and P. H. Steele, “Pyrolysis of wood /biomass for bio-oil: a critical review”, Energy Fuels, 20, pp. 848-889, 2006.
  18. E. Brewer et al., “Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and gasification systems”, Environmental Process Sustainable Energy, 28, pp. 386-396, 2009.
  19. M. Lima, A. A. Boateng, and K. T. Klasson, “ Physicochemical and adsorptive properties of fast-pyrolysis bio-chars and their steam activated counterparts”, J. Chem. Techno. Biotechnol, 85, pp. 1515-1521, 2010.
  20. S. Harsono et al., “Energy balances, greenhouse gas emissions and economics of biochar production from palm oil empty fruit bunches,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 77, pp. 108–115, 2013.
  21. A. Ariffin et al., “Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Biochar from Gasification Process”, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 8, pp.149-152, 2014.
  22. M. Mokhtar, R. Omar, and A. Idris, “Microwave Pyrolysis for Conversion of Materials to Energy: A Brief Review”, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 34, pp. 2104-2122, 2012.
  23. Z., Abas, and F. N. Ani, “Comparing characteristics of oil palm biochar using conventional and microwave heating”, Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), 68, pp. 33-37, 2014.
  24. DEFRA (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), Guidance on How to Measure and Report Your Greenhouse Gas Emissions, (PB13309), 2009. Available: www.defra.gov.uk/publications/files/pb/3309-ghg-guidance-0909011.pdf accessed 31/10/2011).
  25. W. P. Smith et al. “Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2014”, 2015. Available:http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Documents/Third%20Greenhouse%20Gas%20Study/GHG3%20Executive%20Summary%20and%20Report.pdf.
  26. Olmer, Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Global Shipping, 2013–2015, ICCT Report, October 2017. Available: https://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/Global-shipping-GHG-emissions-2013-2015_ICCT-Report_17102017_vF.pdf.
  27. Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (Malaysia), Low carbon cities framework and assessment system’s calculator, concept and principles. Low Carbon Cities Framework and Assessment System (LCCF) report, 1, pp. 57-58, 2011. Available: http://lccftrack.greentownship.my/files/LCCF-Book.pdf
  28. Fripp, “Methane emissions”, In: Life­cycle
greenhouse
gas
emissions
from
clean
coal clean
gas
and
wind
generators, NextEra Energy Resources, Florida, p.7, 2009.
  29. Hamburg Airport, Climate killer aircraft. Lufthansa Environmental Report, p.14, 1999. Available: https://www.fluglaerm.de/hamburg/klima.htm. Accessed 27 July 2017.
  30. Jimah Energy Venture Sdn Bhd (August 25, 2016). (Personal Communication).
  31. (2017) Sea-Distance.Org. Available: https://sea-distances.org/.
  32. L. Gaunt, and J. Lehmann, “Energy balance and emissions associated with biochar sequestration and pyrolysis bioenergy production”, Environmental Science Technology, 42, p. 4152–4158, 2008.
  33. US EPA, Appendix A: Default emission factors. In: Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidance Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustion Sources, p.17, 2016.
To cite this article

Atiyyah Ameenah Azni , Azni Idris , " Comparison Study On Carbon Intensity Of Biochar With Coal In Power Plant ", International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology . Vol. 7, Issue 4, pp 1-5 , 2018


Responsive image

MNK Publication was founded in 2012 to upholder revolutionary ideas that would advance the research and practice of business and management. Today, we comply with to advance fresh thinking in latest scientific fields where we think we can make a real difference and growth now also including medical and social care, education,management and engineering.

Responsive image

We offers several opportunities for partnership and tie-up with individual, corporate and organizational level. We are working on the open access platform. Editors, authors, readers, librarians and conference organizer can work together. We are giving open opportunities to all. Our team is always willing to work and collaborate to promote open access publication.

Responsive image

Our Journals provide one of the strongest International open access platform for research communities. Our conference proceeding services provide conference organizers a privileged platform for publishing extended conference papers as journal publications. It is deliberated to disseminate scientific research and to establish long term International collaborations and partnerships with academic communities and conference organizers.